The influence of dipper and nondipper blood pressure patterns on left ventricular functions in hypertensive patients: a tissue Doppler study

OBJECTIVES
We investigated the effect of dipper and non-dipper blood pressure patterns on left ventricular diastolic filling parameters in hypertensive patients.

STUDY DESIGN
Fifty-five hypertensive patients (37 women, 18 men; mean age 55±10 years) were evaluated with echocardiography and ambulatory 24-hour blood pressure monitoring. All the patients received antihypertensive drug therapy for at least three months prior to the evaluations. Tissue Doppler-derived systolic and diastolic parameters were compared.

RESULTS
Dipper and nondipper blood pressure patterns were found in 22 patients (40%) and 33 patients (60%), respectively. Both groups had similar left ventricular systolic and diastolic diameters. Dipper patients had significantly lower values for left atrial diameter (p<0.0001), interventricular septum (p=0.001) and posterior wall (p=0.012) thickness, left ventricular mass (p=0.017) and mass index (p=0.021). Both groups had similar mitral E and A waves, E/A ratio, E-wave deceleration time, isovolumetric relaxation time, and tissue Doppler-derived A’ wave. Dipper patients had a significantly lower E/E’ ratio (10.8±3.4 vs. 14.1±3.6; p=0.002) and significantly higher systolic (S’) (p=0.05) and early diastolic (E’) (p=0.027) tissue velocities. Based on the E/E’ ratios being <15 or ≥15, the frequency of dipper hypertension was significantly higher in patients with E/E’ <15 (48.8% vs. 9.1%; p=0.019). The frequency of dippers was also higher among patients having an E/E’ ratio of <8, compared to those having an E/E’ ratio of ≥8 to <15 (90% vs. 35.3%; p=0.019).

CONCLUSION
Nondipper blood pressure pattern may be associated with increased left ventricular mass, impaired left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction, and higher left ventricular filling pressures.