ISSN 1016-5169 | E-ISSN 1308-4488
Archives of the Turkish Society of Cardiology
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Hyperkalemia in chronic heart failure with renal dysfunction or diabetes mellitus: Results from the TREAT HF study [Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars]
Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars. 2021; 49(3): 198-205 | DOI: 10.5543/tkda.2021.58675

Hyperkalemia in chronic heart failure with renal dysfunction or diabetes mellitus: Results from the TREAT HF study

Selda Murat1, Hakkı Kaya2, Yüksel Çavuşoğlu1, Mehmet Birhan Yılmaz3
1Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Kardiyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Eskişehir, Türkiye
2Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Kardiyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Çanakkale, Türkiye
3Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Kardiyoloji Anabilim Dalı, İzmir, Türkiye


OBJECTIVE
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are common comorbidities in heart failure (HF). Patients with HF are at a high risk of hyperkalemia, and are therefore undertreated with respect to disease-modifying therapies. The Turkish Research Team-Heart Failure (TREAT HF) data were analyzed for the evaluation of hyperkalemia in real-life clinical practice in HF patients with CKD or DM.

METHODS
The TREAT HF is a multicenter, national, observational registry. In this study, potassium levels of 1028 patients with HF were analyzed. Hyperkalemia is defined as blood potassium levels >5 mEq/L and evaluated based on the CKD, DM, HF medications, and New York Heart Association (NYHA) classes.

RESULTS
Overall, 14.3% of patients (n=147) were found to have hyperkalemia. Hyperkalemia was more prevalent in patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 than those with eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (17.7% and 12%, respectively, p=0.010). Hyperkalemia was present in 10.9% (n=23) of patients with stage 1, 12.6% (n=50) with stage 2, 17.0% (n=52) with stage 3, and 19.5% (n=22) with stage 4-5 CKD. Hyperkalemia was higher in patients with DM (20.5% vs 12.3%, p=0.001). Furthermore, hyperkalemia was much higher in patients with DM with eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (25.2%). The rate of hyperkalemia increased across NYHA categories (NYHA-I: 9.8%, NYHA-II: 12.8%, NYHA-III: 14.4%, and NYHA-IV: 23.4%, p=0.030). In patients with stage 4-5 CKD who were receiving renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitor therapy, more patients had hyperkalemia than those not receiving RAAS inhibitor therapy (23.4% and 12.5%, respectively).

CONCLUSION
In clinical practice, 14.3% of all patients with HF, 17.7% of all patients with CKD, and 20.5% of all patients with DM have hyperkalemia. The risk of hyperkalemia increases with advanced stages of CKD or NYHA and the risk is higher in patients receiving RAAS inhibitor therapy.

Keywords: Hyperkalemia, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease

How to cite this article
Selda Murat, Hakkı Kaya, Yüksel Çavuşoğlu, Mehmet Birhan Yılmaz. Hyperkalemia in chronic heart failure with renal dysfunction or diabetes mellitus: Results from the TREAT HF study. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars. 2021; 49(3): 198-205

Corresponding Author: Yüksel Çavuşoğlu, Türkiye
Manuscript Language: Turkish


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Journal Citation Indicator: 0.18
CiteScore: 1.1
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SCImago Journal Rank: 0.348

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