ISSN 1016-5169 | E-ISSN 1308-4488
Archives of the Turkish Society of Cardiology
Moderate and heavy alcohol consumption among Turks: long-term impact on mortality and cardiometabolic risk [Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars]
Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars. 2009; 37(2): 83-90

Moderate and heavy alcohol consumption among Turks: long-term impact on mortality and cardiometabolic risk

Altan Onat1, Gülay Hergenç3, Zekeriya Küçükdurmaz4, Murat Uğur5, Zekeriya Kaya6, Günay Can2, Hüsniye Yüksel2
1Turkish Society of Cardiology,İstanbul, Department of Cardiology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul
2Department of Cardiology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul
3Biology Department, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul
4Department of Cardiology, Medical Faculty of Gaziantep University, Gaziantep
5Deparment of Cardiology, Dr. Siyami Ersek Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul
6Department of Cardiology, Kartal Koşuyolu Heart and Research Hospital, İstanbul


OBJECTIVES
The impact of alcohol consumption on various outcomes was prospectively evaluated in the participants of the Turkish Adult Risk Factor Study.

STUDY DESIGN
A total of 3,443 men and women (mean age 47.6±12 years) were included at baseline and followed-up for a mean of 7.4 years (range 5 to 9 years). Alcohol drinking status was assessed as abstention and brackets of moderate and heavy intake. Only 19.5% of adults (35% of men and 4.2% of women) reported consumption of alcohol. In each multivariate analysis, individuals with the examined endpoint at baseline were excluded, and alcohol drinking status was adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, and physical activity.

RESULTS
Alcohol intake increased overall mortality (by 2-fold) in men drinking heavily, but not in men drinking moderately, nor in women. Heavy drinking in combined sexes predicted the risk for incident coronary heart disease (CHD) (RR 2.3; 95% CI 1.30; 4.05), while moderate drinking tended to be protective (RR 0.72; 95% CI 0.50; 1.035). Heavy intake predicted incident diabetes risk (RR 2.13) and tended to be so for new metabolic syndrome (MetS) in men (RR 1.71), whereas moderate alcohol intake was not significantly associated with subsequent development of diabetes or MetS and the risk for MetS was reduced in women (p=0.10).

CONCLUSION
Risk of alcohol intake depends on the amount used: heavy intake raising the risk for diabetes and CHD in combined sexes, and overall mortality in men, contrasted to moderate intake reducing (borderline) the CHD risk and marginally reducing all-cause mortality. Risk for MetS tends to be reduced in women alone.

Keywords: Alcohol drinking, cholesterol, HDL; coronary disease; diabetes mellitus, type 2; metabolic syndrome X; mortality; risk factors; Turkey/epidemiology

How to cite this article
Altan Onat, Gülay Hergenç, Zekeriya Küçükdurmaz, Murat Uğur, Zekeriya Kaya, Günay Can, Hüsniye Yüksel. Moderate and heavy alcohol consumption among Turks: long-term impact on mortality and cardiometabolic risk. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars. 2009; 37(2): 83-90

Corresponding Author: Altan Onat, Türkiye
Manuscript Language: English


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