What about pleiotropic modifiers of preprocedural pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant milieu in patients undergoing drug eluting stent implantation?

The exact pathophysiological mechanisms of coronary in-stent restenosis (ISR) has not yet been fully elucidated. Inflammation is known as the most commonly encountered pathway. Medications for cardiometabolic risk factors as the modifiers of preprocedural pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant milieu should be considered in all patients.