Serum lactate level may predict the development of acute kidney injury in acute decompensated heart failure

OBJECTIVE
Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is a life-threatening medical condition and more than 30% of patients hospitalized for ADHF develop acute kidney injury (AKI), which increases the rate of both mortality and morbidity. Previous research has indicated that several biomar-
kers may help to predict the development of AKI. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between lactate level at the time of admission and AKI in ADHF patients.

METHODS
A total of 154 consecutive ADHF patients were prospectively enrolled from June 2018 to December 2018, and after applying the exclusion criteria, a total of 91 patients were included in the study. The patients were divided into 2 groups: those with and without AKI.

RESULTS
There were 63 patients in the group without AKI and 28 patients in the group with AKI. The AKI group had a higher percentage of a history of chronic kidney disease (CKD), a higher creatinine level, lower glomerular filtration rate level, lower bicarbonate level, higher lactate level, and a lower left ventricular ejection fraction compared with the non-AKI group (p<0.05 for all parameters). Multiple logistic regression analysis determined that CKD history (odds ratio [OR]: 4.003, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.295–12.371; p=0.016) and lactate level (OR: 1.545, 95% CI: 1.222–1.954; p<0.001) were independent predictive parameters for developing AKI.

CONCLUSION
An elevated lactate level may help to make an early diagnosis of AKI, an important concern in ADHF.