Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to claim more lives than any other condition worldwide. Traditional clinic visits capture only brief snapshots of health, leaving many opportunities for prevention and early intervention unmet. Wearable technologies now extend cardiovascular care into daily life, delivering continuous physiologic and behavioral data that could transform how we detect, treat, and ultimately prevent CVD. This review highlights how wearable devices, ranging from consumer-grade wristbands to advanced sensor-embedded textiles, are reshaping cardiovascular medicine. We discuss mechanical, optical, and electrochemical sensing modalities and their applications across the spectrum of care: risk assessment, arrhythmia and ischemia detection, heart failure monitoring, and cardiac rehabilitation. When paired with artificial intelligence, these devices generate predictive insights that anticipate clinical deterioration before symptoms appear. Landmark studies demonstrate real-world potential, but persistent challenges, including measurement accuracy, patient adherence, data overload, and limited integration into health systems, temper their current impact. Equally important, gaps in affordability and digital literacy risk widening disparities in cardiovascular outcomes if not urgently addressed. Wearables are moving cardiovascular medicine beyond the hospital and into the home, offering an unprecedented opportunity to shift from reactive treatment to proactive, personalized, and equitable care. Advances in multimodal sensing, artificial intelligence, and seamless health system integration could position wearables as cornerstone tools in the fight against CVD, provided that innovation is matched with rigorous validation, thoughtful regulation, and a commitment to health equity.

Objective: When liquid medications are administered intravenously, the first cellular defense encountered by the drug is erythrocytes. Catalase is the main antioxidant system in erythrocytes. Drug-related catalase inhibition can cause adverse effects. Although catalase is a well-known enzyme, studies investigating drug-catalase interactions are scarce in the literature. Therefore, we investigated the impact of liquid cardiac drugs on human erythrocyte catalase activity in vitro.

Method: Catalase activity was determined by a spectrophotometric method using a procedure developed by Aebi. Liquid cardiac drugs were incubated with human blood in vitro. IC50 values were compared among the drugs.

Results: The most potent inhibitors were noradrenaline (IC50: 4.61 µM), adrenaline (IC50: 32.58 µM), and amiodarone hydrochloride (IC50: 41.86). Dopamine hydrochloride (IC50: 429.15 µM) and lidocaine hydrochloride (IC50: 453.1 µM) showed less inhibitory effects on catalase activity compared with adenosine (IC50: 58.49 µM), atropine sulfate (IC50: 68.75 µM), dobutamine hydrochloride (IC50: 80.79 µM), glyceryl trinitrate (IC50: 86.66 µM), and heparin sodium (IC50: 92.4 µM).

Conclusion: Noradrenaline, adrenaline, and amiodarone hydrochloride have strong inhibitory effects on catalase activity. Catalase inhibition may be responsible for the side effects of these drugs. Therefore, when these drugs are used in treatment, their dosages and duration of administration should be carefully controlled to prevent adverse effects due to catalase enzyme inhibition.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the T-786C polymorphism of the NOS3 gene on the onset and progression of renal dysfunction in patients of the Uzbek population with chronic heart failure (CHF).

Method: The study included 200 patients of Uzbek nationality diagnosed with CHF. Among them, 110 patients had a glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m², while in 90 patients this indicator was lower. The control group consisted of 120 conditionally healthy donors of Uzbek nationality. Analysis of the NOS3 T-786C polymorphism was performed using commercially available test kits developed by NPF Litex LLC (Moscow, Russia) in accordance with the manufacturer’s standard protocol. Amplification of the polymorphic region of the NOS3 promoter was carried out using a Rotor-Gene Q thermal cycler (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed in a total volume of 25 µL under the following cycling conditions: initial denaturation at 95°C for 5 minutes; 35 cycles of denaturation at 95°C for 30 seconds, primer annealing at 60°C for 30 seconds, and DNA extension at 72°C for 1 minute; followed by a final extension at 72°C for 10 minutes. The resulting data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical package (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) and OpenEpi v9.2 (OpenEpi, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA).

Results: Differences were observed in the distribution of genotypic and allelic variations. In the main group, the frequency of the C allele was 35.5%, compared to 28.3% in the control group. Patients with eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m² were more likely to have the C/C genotype (15.6% versus 10.8% in the control group). The T-786C polymorphism may exacerbate renal impairment by reducing NOS3 activity and lowering nitric oxide (NO) production.

Conclusion: The genetic variant C of the T-786C NOS3 polymorphism is associated with impaired renal function in patients with CHF.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess autonomic dysfunction via heart rate variability (HRV) in residents with on-call shifts.

Method: A cross-sectional study of 140 residents (104 on-call, 36 non-on-call) was conducted. HRV parameters, stress indices, and physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire, IPAQ) were compared using parametric and non-parametric tests.

Results: On-call residents showed elevated heart rates (84 vs. 79 bpm, P = 0.006), higher stress indices (12.1 vs. 9.96, P = 0.003), and reduced parasympathetic markers (root mean square of successive differences [RMSSD], standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals [SDNN], parasympathetic nervous system index [PNS index]; all P ≤ 0.006). Physical activity did not differ between groups.

Conclusion: An association between on-call shifts and altered autonomic balance was observed, suggesting a potential increase in cardiovascular risk independent of lifestyle factors. These findings may be considered by policymakers when planning resident physician workloads.

Objective: Accurate estimation of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is essential for optimizing long-term management and cardiovascular risk stratification. This study aimed to identify predictors of LVEF at six months after STEMI and to develop a clinically applicable nomogram for individualized prognostic assessment.

Method: This prospective, single-center cohort study included consecutive patients admitted with STEMI between July 2018 and October 2018. Baseline clinical, laboratory, and angiographic variables were collected. LVEF was assessed by transthoracic echocardiography during the index hospitalization and at six-month follow-up. Patients were categorized into four groups according to follow-up LVEF. Predictors of six-month LVEF were identified using proportional odds logistic regression, and a nomogram was constructed based on the final multivariable model.

Results: A total of 231 patients were analyzed (median age: 57 years; 83% male). At baseline, 119 patients (51%) had an LVEF < 50%, whereas at six months 115 patients (49%) had an LVEF < 50%. Multivariable analysis identified baseline LVEF, peak creatine kinase–myocardial band (CKMB) level, age, hypertension, and final Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade as independent predictors of follow-up LVEF (all P < 0.05).

Conclusion: Baseline LVEF and peak CK-MB level were the strongest independent predictors of six-month LVEF following STEMI. Age, hypertension, and final TIMI flow grade were identified as additional predictors. The proposed nomogram provides a practical tool for individualized follow-up planning and risk assessment in STEMI survivors.

Objective: Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF), contributing to atrial remodeling through redox imbalance. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum thiol/disulfide homeostasis (TDH) parameters and echocardiographic indices of left atrial (LA) structural remodeling in patients with AF.

Method: This cross-sectional study included 123 patients diagnosed with AF and 58 healthy controls. Demographic, biochemical, and echocardiographic data were collected for all participants. Serum native thiol, total thiol, and disulfide levels were analyzed using a fully automated spectrophotometric method. LA dimensions, volume, sphericity, and volume index were measured using transthoracic echocardiography. Correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to identify factors independently associated with LA volume index.

Results: Patients with AF exhibited significantly increased LA diameters, LA volume, and LA volume index compared with controls (all P < 0.001). TDH parameters did not differ significantly between the AF and control groups (P > 0.05). Within the AF cohort, native thiol and total thiol levels were inversely correlated with LA longitudinal diameter and LA dimension index, respectively. In multivariate analysis, native thiol level (β = –0.235, P = 0.001), body surface area (β = –0.143, P = 0.03), independently predicted LA volume index.

Conclusion: Native thiol levels showed a modest association with indices of left atrial remodeling in AF. Given the absence of between-group differences and the relatively weak correlations, these findings should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating rather than definitive.

Objective: Perceived control is an important issue that needs to be addressed in patient groups with chronic diseases where self-management plays a critical role. Patients with a high perception of control demonstrate greater success in symptom management and adaptation to chronic illness.

Method: This methodological adaptation study was conducted to investigate the psychometric properties of the Control Attitudes Scale–Revised in Turkish patients with heart failure. In the reliability analysis of the scale, Cronbach's alpha was used to determine internal consistency, and item homogeneity was assessed using item-total and item-item correlations. For validity testing, confirmatory factor analysis, hypothesis testing for known relationships, discriminant validity, and test-retest reliability were applied.

Results: Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the scale demonstrated supportive fit indices for the original Control Attitudes Scale–Revised (CAS-R) single-factor structure (P < 0.001 for all items). The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of the Turkish version of the Control Attitudes Scale–Revised (TCAS-R) scale was found to be 0.99. In the hypothesis test used for construct validity, a moderate positive relationship (r = 0.568, P < 0.05) was found between the Turkish version of the Control Attitudes Scale–Revised and the nine-item European Heart Failure Self-Care Scale.

Conclusion: Based on these results, it can be concluded that the Turkish version of the Control Attitudes Scale–Revised is a valid and reliable tool for use with Turkish patients. The findings are expected to be useful for both healthcare professionals and patients.

Double-inlet left ventricle (DILV) are rarely encountered congenital heart defects which are also known as single-ventricle defects and have a complex structure in which the blood exiting both atriums flows into a single ventricle, and they constitute approximately 1.5% of all congenital heart diseases. The 37-year-old female patient who did not have a history of cardiac disease visited our outpatient clinic for routine cardiological assessments. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was performed upon hearing a 3/6 pansystolic murmur at the mesocardiac focus and a 3/6 systolic ejection murmur at the pulmonary focus on cardiac auscultation. The TTE of the patient revealed that the atrioventricular valves opened into one ventricular chamber in four-chamber apical imaging. There was no noticeable interventricular septum, while a rudimentary right ventricle and a ventricular septal defect (VSD) were observed. There was a gradient of 38 mmHg in the pulmonary valve. Mild-to-moderate pulmonary stenosis was present. In the transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), a rudimentary interventricular septum and the right ventricle were observed. Because the patient did not have any symptoms or cyanosis, the patient was given information about a potential need for occasional infective endocarditis prophylaxis and phlebotomy, and close medical follow-up was decided. A double-inlet left ventricle is known as a severe congenital heart anomaly that is typically symptomatically diagnosed in childhood and requires surgical intervention. However, in the literature, cases with an asymptomatic course reaching adulthood without surgical intervention, albeit very rare, have been reported.

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves outcomes in heart failure, but prior interventions like percutaneous mitral annuloplasty may hinder lead placement. We present a 70-year-old male with ischemic cardiomyopathy and severe functional mitral regurgitation who previously received a Carillon device. Due to coronary sinus inaccessibility, left bundle branch area pacing optimized cardiac resynchronization therapy (LOT-CRT) was performed. The procedure was successful, with improved QRS duration, echocardiographic findings, and clinical status. This case highlights LOT-CRT as a viable alternative in patients with challenging anatomy, offering physiological pacing when conventional CRT is not feasible.