Doppler ultrasound imaging of the carotid and vertebral arteries

The prevalence of carotid artery diseases increases with age and exposure to cardiovascular risk factors. Significant carotid artery stenosis is closely associated with the development of stroke and cerebrovascular events. Doppler ultrasound imaging is a noninvasive and useful modality for the examination of carotid and vertebral arteries. However, proper investigation of the carotid artery system requires sufficient technical knowledge and experience. This review gives information about the techniques of appropriate examination of the carotid artery system.